https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29969 Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) is a herbal plant used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes, and cancer. Efficiency of its bioactive compounds extraction and therefore the biological activity of the extracts are significantly influenced by both solvent character and extraction method. This study is aimed at the determination of the influence of six various solvents (water, acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane) and nine different extraction methods (conventional, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and six novel methods) on the extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity of P. amarus. The results indicated that water extracted the maximal amount of phenolics from P. amarus and had the highest antioxidant capacity, while microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest yields of phenolics and saponins, and the highest antioxidant capacity with the lowest energy consumption when compared to the other extraction methods. These findings implied that water and microwave-assisted extraction are recommended as the most effective solvent and method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from P. amarus for potential application in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.]]> Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:19:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30607 Eucalyptus species using an MTT assay. The most promising extracts were further evaluated using a CCK-8 assay. Apoptotic studies were performed using a caspase 3/7 assay in MIA PaCa-2 cells. The aqueous extract of Eucalyptus microcorys leaf and the ethanolic extract of Eucalyptus microcorys fruit inhibited the growth of glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, lung and pancreatic cancer cells by more than 80% at 100 μg/mL. The E. microcorys and Eucalyptus saligna extracts showed lower GI₅₀ values than the ethanolic Eucalyptus robusta extract in MIA PaCa-2 cells. Aqueous E. microcorys leaf and fruit extracts at 100 μg/mL exerted significantly higher cell growth inhibition in MIA PaCa-2 cells than other extracts (p < 0.05). Statistically similar IC₅₀ values (p > 0.05) were observed in aqueous E. microcorys leaf (86.05 ± 4.75 μg/mL) and fruit (64.66 ± 15.97 μg/mL) and ethanolic E. microcorys leaf (79.30 ± 29.45 μg/mL) extracts in MIA PaCa-2 cells using the CCK-8 assay. Caspase 3/7-mediated apoptosis and morphological changes of cells were also witnessed in MIA PaCa-2 cells after 24 h of treatment with the extracts. This study highlighted the significance of E. microcorys as an important source of phytochemicals with efficacy against pancreatic cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to purify and structurally identify individual compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action for the development of more potent and specific chemotherapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.]]> Wed 19 Jan 2022 15:15:45 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26018 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:02:12 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26019 13C NMR data with literature data.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:51:21 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30609 Eucalyptus robusta leaf and to evaluate the impact of solvents, temperature, sonication time and power on ultrasound-assisted extraction of these compounds. Temperature has the greatest impact on the total phenolic content (TPC) yield followed by time and power. A yield of 163.68 ± 2.13 mg GAE/g of TPC is observed using 250 W ultrasonic power for 90 min at 60°C with water. This study validates UAE as an efficient, green, and sustainable technique for extracting phenolics from E. robusta.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 10:37:27 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24691 Phyllanthus amarus is known as a healing herb which has traditionally been used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes and cancer. The extraction parameters have great effects on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and pharmacological activity of the extracts. This study sought to optimise the microwave-assisted extraction parameters for phenolic compounds-enriched extracts and antioxidant capacity from P. amarus using response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed that the optimal microwave-assisted extraction parameters were an extraction time of 30 min, an irradiation time of 14 s min⁻¹ and a ratio of solvent to sample of 150 mL g⁻¹. The total phenolic content, phenolic extraction efficiency, saponin content, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the P. amarus achieved under these optimal parameters were 87.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of dried sample, 69.7 %, 134.9 mg of escin equivalents (EE) per gram of dried sample, 997.8, 604.7 and 437.3 all in mg of trolox equivalents (TE) per gram of dried sample, respectively, which were not significantly different from the predicted values (86.9 mg of GAE per gram of dried sample, 67.3 %, 123.5 mg of EE per gram of dried sample, 1013.3 mg of TE per gram of dried sample, 530.6 mg of TE per gram of dried sample and 423.5 mg of TE per gram of dried sample, respectively). Accordingly, the optimal microwave-assisted extraction parameters of 30 min, 14 s min⁻¹ and 150 mL g⁻¹ are recommended for the extraction of enriched phenolics from P. amarus for potential application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.]]> Wed 09 Feb 2022 15:54:22 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23950 Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer or cancer-like diseases in recent years, particularly in Vietnam. Drying is an important step for preparation of dried materials for storage and further investigation; however, the effects of drying must be taken into account when processing samples, because this can have profound effects on the stability of phytochemical compounds and the biological activity of the dried P. trimera root. As such, this study assessed the effects of four different drying methods (conventional, hot air, vacuum, and microwave) on phytochemical retention and antioxidant capacity of P. trimera root, to identify an optimal drying method for P. trimera root. The results showed that the drying methods significantly affected phytochemical levels and antioxidant capacity of P. trimera root and that among the four drying methods tested, microwave drying (400 W) had the highest levels of phytochemical compounds, with total phenolic, total flavonoid, proanthocyanidin, and saponin contents of 11.27 mg GAE, 19.88 mg RE, 3.98 mg CE, and 267.15 mg EE/gram of dried sample, respectively. Dried sample prepared using this method had antioxidant capacity comparable to that of other drying methods. In addition, this method had the shortest drying time (0.28 h) and consumed the least energy (0.28 kWh). Therefore, microwave drying should be considered for drying P. trimera root for further investigation and utilization.]]> Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:26:20 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30611 Corymbia and Angophora. Four Angophora and Corymbia species were evaluated for their phytochemical profile and efficacy against both primary and secondary pancreatic cancer cell lines. The aqueous leaf extract of Angophora hispida exhibited statistically higher total phenolic content (107.85 ± 1.46 mg of gallic acid equiv. per g) and total flavonoid content (57.96 ± 1.93 mg rutin equiv. per g) and antioxidant capacity compared to the other tested eucalypts (P < 0.05). Both A. hispida and A. floribunda aqueous extracts showed statistically similar saponin contents. Angophora floribunda extract exerted significantly greater cell growth inhibition of 77.91 ± 4.93% followed by A. hispida with 62.04 ± 7.47% (P < 0.05) at 100 μg/ml in MIA PaCa-2 cells with IC₅₀ values of 75.58 and 87.28 μg/ml, respectively. More studies are required to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds from these two Angophora species and to determine their mode of action against pancreatic malignancies.]]> Thu 09 Dec 2021 11:03:07 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1181 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:28:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11132 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:10:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29211 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:47 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29718 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:25 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30602 Trametes versicolor yielded ergosterol peroxide (1) and a mixture of stellasterol (2) and ergosterol (3) in a 3.6:1 ratio. The structures of 1-3 were identified by comparison of their NMR data with literature data.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:28:28 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30610 Hoya paziae Kloppenb. led to the isolation of a mixture of lupeol (1a), α-amyrin (1b), and β-amyrin (1c) in a 2:3:1 and a mixture of lupeol fatty acid esters (2a) α-amyrin fatty acid esters (2b) and β-amyrin fatty acid esters (2c) in a 3:2:1 ratio. The structures of 1a-2c were identified by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:28:27 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28009 Eucalyptus robusta (E. robusta) has a significant value in traditional medicine and recently has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties in vitro. This study was designed to utilise microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to yield optimal total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), proanthocyanidin levels and antioxidant capacity from E. robusta using water as the solvent, facilitated by the use of response surface methodology (RSM). A three-level-three-factor Box–Behnken design was implemented to elucidate the effect of irradiation time, power and sample-to-solvent ratio on the yields of these phytochemicals. The results highlighted the accuracy and reliability of RSM as a tool for predicting the yields of TPC, TFC, proanthocyanidins and total antioxidants using MAE. Sample-to-solvent ratio had the greatest impact on the TPC yield followed by power and irradiation time. The optimal MAE conditions for TPC and TFC were 3 min, 600 W power and 2 g/100 mL sample-to-solvent ratio. The experimental yield of TPC was 58.40 ± 1.03 mg GAE/g, and 19.15 ± 1.06 mg RE/g of TFC was obtained under these optimal conditions. These conditions, optimised for maximum TPC yield also liberated 62%, 64.6%, 66.3% and 67% of the maximum proanthocyanidins, ABTS, DPPH and CUPRAC values, respectively. This study revealed that MAE is a reliable and efficient method for extracting high yields of phytochemicals from E. robusta, with significant potential to be up-scaled for industrial, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical applications.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:18 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26694 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:23 AEDT ]]>